Influencing the Causes and Consequences of Urbanization: Insight from Jeddah City

Abstract

Urbanization is a dynamic process that has transformed cities worldwide, shaping social, economic, and
environmental landscapes. This current study explores the causes (Economic activities, rural push factors and access to services) and consequences (Environment impacts) of urbanization in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia. Economic opportunities, rural push factors, and access to essential services are examined as primary causes that attract populations to the city, while environmental degradation, including pollution, loss of green spaces, and increased pressure on resources, is assessed as a major consequence of rapid urban growth. Using a mixed-methods approach combining surveys, interviews, and secondary data analysis, the study provides both quantitative and qualitative insights into the factors influencing urban expansion and its outcomes. The findings reveal that while urbanization offers significant economic and social benefits, it also poses critical environmental challenges, highlighting the need for sustainable urban planning strategies. This research contributes to the broader understanding of urban growth in rapidly developing regions and provides evidence-based recommendations for
policymakers and urban planners in Jeddah and similar cities.